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Shadow Theory

Verification, invariances and the complete comparison data

All five appendices, the exact invariances, density illustration, complete comparison tables, historical corrections, and references.

Appendix A. Numerical conventions and verification

The cross-domain execution used Python 3.12.14, NumPy 2.3.5, SciPy 1.17.0 and Pillow 12.2.0. The earlier 4,999-control Kerr execution used NumPy 2.5.4. Keeping the actual control values distinguishes exact input preservation from a generator rerun whose results can vary by platform. The supplement records versions for the executable subset and plotting workflow.

Floating arrays use double precision and source hashes preserve state, point and library order. Counting uses eligible sorted ordered ratios and inclusive matching endpoints, without histogram binning or ratio rounding. Independent direct Boolean counters check selected complete fifteen-slot cases. The prepared-window acceleration matched every field in four complete 10,000-library reference cases at all widths, including overlap and boundary fixtures.

For spatial eigenvalues the zero threshold is max⁡(10−12,10−12max⁡i∣λi∣)\max(10^{-12},10^{-12}\max_i|\lambda_i|). Hydrogen uses 50ϵmachNmax⁡i∣λi∣50\epsilon_{\rm mach}N\max_i|\lambda_i| on the full N=465N=465 spectrum. Each construction requires exactly one eigenvalue within its threshold and no eigenvalue below the negative threshold. Retained positive modes preserve multiplicity. Independent checks covered eigenpair residuals, orthogonality, centroid identities and counts.

The source software suite passed 118 tests. Final integrity checks authenticated 413 score datasets, 41,300 batches and 185,850,000 slot counts. Stored observed and conditional representations account for 401 full or losslessly reconstructable matrix stores. These are execution-coverage counts, not independent sample sizes. The public quick check is narrower than a clean rerun: it checks stored tables, definitions, counts, pairings, selected independent numerical reconstructions and the manuscript claim index. Full-regeneration commands are given separately, and source image acquisition remains gated. Platform and BLAS differences can alter last-bit eigenvalues, so use declared tolerances rather than bitwise equality for regenerated eigenspectra.

Appendix B. Invariances and nonidentifiability

For symmetric nonnegative weights,

x⊤Lx=12∑i,jWij(xi−xj)2≥0.(18)x^\top Lx=\frac12\sum_{i,j}W_{ij}(x_i-x_j)^2\ge0. \tag{18}

Every connected support has the constant vector as its one-dimensional kernel. Multiplying all weights by a common positive factor scales positive eigenvalues and leaves raw and minimum-normalized log1p ratios unchanged. When the numerical protocol uses an absolute zero threshold, assume the same positive-mode set is retained. This invariance explains cancellation of a uniform coupling scale without deriving the coupling constant.

The complete Fejér readout is injective on positive scalar eigenvalues:

fT′(λ)=(Tλ+1)e−Tλ−1Tλ2<0.(19)f_T'(\lambda)=\frac{(T\lambda+1)e^{-T\lambda}-1}{T\lambda^2}<0. \tag{19}

For known TT, the complete unnormalized values determine the positive eigenvalues. The operator-valued readout determines the operator by inverse functional calculus under the same spectral hypotheses. Pooling ratios or windowing removes some of this information. Survival-readout ratios e−Tλi/e−Tλje^{-T\lambda_i}/e^{-T\lambda_j} instead encode differences and lose a common additive shift. These conditional inversion statements do not establish physical transport between systems.

The ordered ratio multiset is invariant under common positive scaling and vi↦a/viv_i\mapsto a/v_i for a>0a>0: inversion exchanges pair orientations. The whole-multiset ambiguity survives any fixed cutoff even though an asymmetric cutoff breaks reciprocal balance of the conditioned distribution. More general log-autocorrelation ambiguities and coarse windows obstruct unique inversion further. A label permutation alone preserves the spectrum and ratios and is no substantive control for the pooled observable.

Appendix C. A closed-form density illustration

Let a hypothetical continuous rank model be v(k)=Ak−pv(k)=Ak^{-p} with p>0p>0 and kk uniform on [kmin⁡,kmax⁡][k_{\min},k_{\max}]. After translation, the log-density is a truncated exponential with a=1/pa=1/p and L=plog⁡(kmax⁡/kmin⁡)L=p\log(k_{\max}/k_{\min}). Integrating the product of densities gives

g(t)={a(e−a∣t∣−e−2aLea∣t∣)2(1−e−aL)2,∣t∣≤L,0,∣t∣>L.(20)g(t)= \begin{cases} \dfrac{a\left(e^{-a|t|}-e^{-2aL}e^{a|t|}\right)}{2(1-e^{-aL})^2}, & |t|\le L,\\ 0, & |t|>L. \end{cases}\tag{20}

For t≥0t\ge0 the integral is proportional to e−at∫0L−te−2au due^{-at}\int_0^{L-t}e^{-2au}\,du. Symmetry supplies the negative half. Holding LL fixed, the a→0a\to0 limit is (L−∣t∣)/L2(L-|t|)/L^2 on the interval. With rank bounds fixed, pp and LL are not independent. Integrate over Equation (9), including the actual cutoff, to predict window masses once a model is independently supplied. This illustrates a bridge from a broad rank law such as that in Levi and Oz [2]; it was not fitted or numerically tested here. Using the observed spectrum instead returns the identity in Equation (8).

Appendix D. All primary-core comparisons and native summaries

The 28 unique core pairs are retained at each of three tolerances. Table 6 includes both coefficient types and conservative paired-bank fractions. The full 17-view table, symmetric entries, statuses, conditional profile summaries and sensitivity results are supplied electronically. Table 7 gives native target incidence and bank midposition for all observed views. Native spatial abundance uses 1% UNION even when the shape comparison uses 3%.

Table 6. Complete primary-core pair comparisons. Spearman is primary descriptive and Pearson secondary. Fractions count all target-plus-G coefficients at least the corresponding target, with ties retained.

LeftRightToleranceSpearmanSpearman fractionPearsonPearson fraction
KerrH30 log 1p3%0.521430.602000.389830.50530
KerrEmbryo3%0.668480.008600.549290.01900
KerrGalaxy3%0.657080.316300.349320.62020
KerrPollen3%0.382770.548300.432620.40290
KerrLeaf3%0.521890.612900.402810.45970
KerrShroud3%0.383990.607700.389920.45810
KerrSnowflake3%0.533350.643200.354560.55530
H30 log 1pEmbryo3%0.239000.54060-0.259840.85300
H30 log 1pGalaxy3%0.920630.979000.989280.49600
H30 log 1pPollen3%0.886410.860000.954640.61710
H30 log 1pLeaf3%0.995530.169000.986730.69500
H30 log 1pShroud3%0.948680.713500.979810.46000
H30 log 1pSnowflake3%0.987430.441800.996370.10530
EmbryoGalaxy3%0.265220.31930-0.302990.82760
EmbryoPollen3%-0.131770.55510-0.235730.82000
EmbryoLeaf3%0.221230.56050-0.259190.81670
EmbryoShroud3%0.013260.63510-0.263970.82550
EmbryoSnowflake3%0.224840.57220-0.300570.83800
GalaxyPollen3%0.894020.702700.918550.67060
GalaxyLeaf3%0.921450.851700.964770.81530
GalaxyShroud3%0.850550.935800.957190.64790
GalaxySnowflake3%0.928960.985900.992350.33340
PollenLeaf3%0.887200.779800.987540.24830
PollenShroud3%0.934350.723600.989820.31790
PollenSnowflake3%0.894430.637300.957390.78900
LeafShroud3%0.949530.697100.998630.04760
LeafSnowflake3%0.988310.294600.989110.95950
ShroudSnowflake3%0.957270.233300.984890.78600
KerrH30 log 1p1%0.435710.813900.346610.47240
KerrEmbryo1%0.622990.093800.625170.04940
KerrGalaxy1%0.549270.643200.317470.56500
KerrPollen1%0.241750.821100.412420.32030
KerrLeaf1%0.438280.816400.371020.41220
KerrShroud1%0.274820.781500.356650.41810
KerrSnowflake1%0.457960.778100.315550.50690
H30 log 1pEmbryo1%0.268560.39160-0.189990.65770
H30 log 1pGalaxy1%0.923280.876200.988870.32180
H30 log 1pPollen1%0.886410.775400.953500.63680
H30 log 1pLeaf1%0.994630.289800.984930.77460
H30 log 1pShroud1%0.944920.643100.979160.42810
H30 log 1pSnowflake1%0.986520.515600.996450.07060
EmbryoGalaxy1%0.317950.22260-0.190190.53490
EmbryoPollen1%-0.074200.35640-0.171740.61250
EmbryoLeaf1%0.269040.37480-0.182360.59490
EmbryoShroud1%0.069330.45930-0.182150.58350
EmbryoSnowflake1%0.288900.37400-0.207900.58520
GalaxyPollen1%0.894840.235000.923260.39380
GalaxyLeaf1%0.924930.623900.963730.62700
GalaxyShroud1%0.853240.841300.958480.43300
GalaxySnowflake1%0.941390.830100.992610.22110
PollenLeaf1%0.887990.252300.989700.17290
PollenShroud1%0.930110.965000.990500.29080
PollenSnowflake1%0.896480.009600.957510.70830
LeafShroud1%0.946610.692100.998600.03340
LeafSnowflake1%0.988280.097400.987330.97290
ShroudSnowflake1%0.959740.003700.984480.69800
KerrH30 log 1p0.5%0.416440.745100.397440.33290
KerrEmbryo0.5%0.340750.545400.422090.29020
KerrGalaxy0.5%0.485990.757000.385990.37830
KerrPollen0.5%0.282040.641000.474160.19790
KerrLeaf0.5%0.406450.792300.432280.26110
KerrShroud0.5%0.259760.754700.416790.26570
KerrSnowflake0.5%0.413000.801200.368630.36280
H30 log 1pEmbryo0.5%0.044820.81960-0.289750.87260
H30 log 1pGalaxy0.5%0.963730.166700.992730.05980
H30 log 1pPollen0.5%0.885180.939700.954810.51960
H30 log 1pLeaf0.5%0.996420.070100.983300.82800
H30 log 1pShroud0.5%0.947650.558800.979400.39140
H30 log 1pSnowflake0.5%0.989210.245500.995520.20500
EmbryoGalaxy0.5%0.053590.76390-0.273920.76320
EmbryoPollen0.5%-0.285570.79360-0.271040.84700
EmbryoLeaf0.5%0.044900.79960-0.284580.82850
EmbryoShroud0.5%-0.155990.85300-0.275430.80080
EmbryoSnowflake0.5%0.045230.81330-0.305350.82210
GalaxyPollen0.5%0.901450.029000.952450.02970
GalaxyLeaf0.5%0.965460.066200.976990.18390
GalaxyShroud0.5%0.894080.439400.978010.08500
GalaxySnowflake0.5%0.972470.326500.995790.02540
PollenLeaf0.5%0.888790.034900.990740.13160
PollenShroud0.5%0.934350.922800.990400.29580
PollenSnowflake0.5%0.891170.759900.956250.74100
LeafShroud0.5%0.951230.024300.998550.03290
LeafSnowflake0.5%0.989180.049600.983960.99540
ShroudSnowflake0.5%0.954340.321700.982850.76280

Table 7. Native target views. Midpositions refer to the same target plus 9,999 alternatives. The raw hydrogen readout, bright variants and adult portrait remain secondary.

ViewEligible pairsWindowCountIncidenceMidposition
Kerr2720493%SUM0.305810.95435
H30 log 1p2148323%UNION0.101900.44780
H30 raw2148323%UNION0.121590.07820
embryo8701%UNION0.055170.43155
embryo bright11901%UNION0.050420.95330
galaxy119901%UNION0.043700.55115
galaxy bright933301%UNION0.026740.50220
pollen9970021%UNION0.025290.35660
pollen bright12825561%UNION0.031490.51300
adult human26521%UNION0.013570.17185
adult human bright48301%UNION0.054040.58295
leaf3254701%UNION0.046960.60690
leaf bright1455421%UNION0.020200.35485
shroud1532721%UNION0.039820.69565
shroud bright815101%UNION0.043680.83610
snowflake4935061%UNION0.039310.64350
snowflake bright3962701%UNION0.045960.52875

Appendix E. Material reconstruction corrections

Table 8. Reconstructed H30 counts. Exposure is 214,832 eligible ordered nonself ratios. The values replace earlier totals that were not recovered.

Readout3% SUM3% UNION1% SUM1% UNION0.5% SUM0.5% UNION
Raw27,85326,1229,1869,1864,5634,563
log1p23,49521,8927,8007,8003,8953,895

The 465-state graph retains 464 positive modes and hence 464×463=214,832464\times463=214{,}832 ordered nonself pairs. The earlier 28,941/31,204 totals and denominator 214,576 do not reproduce under the declared minimum-normalized relative-window construction. The earlier fifteen marginals add to 30,264, below the purported 31,204 UNION, contrary to Equation (7). These numbers do not survive as established results. Minimum versus median normalization and log-distance versus relative windows explain some archived differences, but do not identify the lost 31,204 run. A common eigenvalue scale cannot change raw or own-minimum-normalized ratios.

Null-stage choices also matter. Retained raw-uniform controls gave raw UNION standardized difference approximately −13.286-13.286. Drawing uniform raw values then applying the primary transform gave about +0.456+0.456, whereas uniform sampling in the transformed range gave about −21.562-21.562. They are distinct reference laws. The unsupported historical H30 +7.7+7.7 claim is not used; shell preservation answers a separate question.

H12 is a separate 78-state construction with no same-nn links. It uses absolute radial amplitudes and an m=0m=0 angular factor rather than squared radial weights. Its 506 edges, 77 positive modes, filtered exposures and counts cannot substitute for H30. Deterministic H12 count checks remain valid for H12. Missing random streams and phase conventions prevent transfer of stochastic or synthetic-generator claims. The present reconstruction likewise does not represent unrecovered historical image feature maps, sphere/speckle inputs or separate direct-distance protocols. It implies neither a universal physical/nonphysical boundary nor a synthetic-impossibility claim.

The electromagnetic Kerr local Fejér row has archived effect 12.2713 and width 2.3290. The gravitational row has archived effect 11.3464 and width 2.5887. A retained 100-draw plug-in uniform-Fejér bank at the same gravitational point gives 10.6137. These are distinct realizations. The local-scan original streams are unavailable, so the archived values are not represented as newly reproduced tail calibrations. The grouped-endpoint U reference with 4,999 draws and the R/P comparisons provide the explicit current conditional results.

References

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[2] Noam Itzhak Levi and Yaron Oz. “The underlying universal statistical structure of natural datasets.” Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research 267, pp. 34020–34043 (2025). Article.

[3] Emanuele Berti, Vitor Cardoso, and Andrei O. Starinets. “Quasinormal modes of black holes and black branes.” Classical and Quantum Gravity 26(16), 163001 (2009). DOI.

[4] Leo C. Stein. “qnm: A Python package for calculating Kerr quasinormal modes, separation constants, and spherical-spheroidal mixing coefficients.” Journal of Open Source Software 4(42), 1683 (2019). DOI.

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Published source: Cross-Domain Spectral Ratio Structure: Refined Recurrence, Robustness and Diagnostic Limits. Read the original PDF alongside the web treatment.