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Convergence of the interacting scale histories · Part 6

A Wilson Yang–Mills Construction: A Natural-Language Mathematical Exposition

folding is
4
X
j=0
|ρj| 2k(1 + z)B.power k qj.
(RB4b)
gleam =
Source page 191.
Searchable transcription
folding is
4
X
j=0
|ρj| 2k(1 + z)B.power k qj.
(RB4b)
gleam =

The radii and reference cardinalities have rate zero, and h has rate −23/20; so does this allowance. The small chart required here is supplied on any healthy neighborhood by axial gauge: its link distances are bounded by a fixed multiple of (2z + 1)5 times the threshold. The interior extension and its inverse chart place it inside radius p −2 furl. The radius has rate zero and the threshold rate −1/2, whereas p decays more slowly; the scheduling thus gives the strict margin eventually.

The reference offers are indexed by the coupling itself: at a curve parameter t, the selected offer is the one at β(t). It is therefore the same offer for two presentations with the same coupling, independently of how that point was reached. The fixed-reference finite-volume estimates hold eventually in their approximation depth simultaneously on the compact coupling band; (RB4b) gives the number denoted by gleami in (FCC1). The compatibility needed above comes from the same local cylinder formulas in the different reference views.

Here is also the weighted-tail step behind the retirement argument. At one finite torus all supports have cover number bounded by its site count. Thus multiplying any summable envelope by its support exponential, even the early exponent s + 3, costs only a finite constant depending on that torus. Changing its derivative anchor also costs a finite constant:

K =
�(1 + D)pk,
(RB5)
Source page 191.
Searchable transcription
K =
(1 + D)pk,
(RB5)

where D is the maximal torus separation; the direction triangle inequality gives this bound. Consequently the local source estimate supplies one summable envelope in the common anchored listing. If the debris indicator of each fixed address is eventually zero, dominated convergence for series makes its weighted debris sum tend to zero at that parameter. This eventual removal is literal: a nonkept address eventually belongs to the finite retirement roster, whereas a kept address never belongs to the debris.

Continuity in the deviation budget extends that small-tail bound to a parameter neighborhood.
More explicitly, spend half a requested allowance on the tail at the center and half on the full source
difference to a neighboring parameter, converting the latter to the common anchored weighted norm
by the finite constant (RB5) and its support-weight counterpart. Restricting the difference to the
debris subfamily cannot increase its positive majorant. Thus the neighborhood works for every
sufficiently large depth.
A finite subcover of the compact band gives a single depth.
Combin-
ing it with the uniform beacon depth proves the simultaneous retirement used in (FCC1). The
canonical fixed-layout curve argument already given then transfers this depth to every compatible
presentation; the construction here supplies its weighted continuity and actual finite beacons.
Searchable transcription
Continuity in the deviation budget extends that small-tail bound to a parameter neighborhood.
More explicitly, spend half a requested allowance on the tail at the center and half on the full source
difference to a neighboring parameter, converting the latter to the common anchored weighted norm
by the finite constant (RB5) and its support-weight counterpart. Restricting the difference to the
debris subfamily cannot increase its positive majorant. Thus the neighborhood works for every
sufficiently large depth.
A finite subcover of the compact band gives a single depth.
Combin-
ing it with the uniform beacon depth proves the simultaneous retirement used in (FCC1). The
canonical fixed-layout curve argument already given then transfers this depth to every compatible
presentation; the construction here supplies its weighted continuity and actual finite beacons.

Here are the reference and continuity inputs with their finite-volume dependence exposed. In this section alone n is a fixed reference side, V = n4, B is the fixed budget, k = B.order, p = B.power, and e = B.supportExponent. The five signed fourth-difference coefficients in (RB1) are denoted throughout by ρj; the λj formerly used for them in (RB4b) mean the same coefficients.

They are unrelated to the parameter λ in the local fusion argument.
The representation constant used here is royalty(G) = √m, where m is the dimension of the
fixed faithful unitary representation. In particular it is at least one. It is distinct from the Fourier
aliasing price, which depends on a strip width and an analytic norm.
The reference-chart radius and margin have the explicit values
Searchable transcription
They are unrelated to the parameter λ in the local fusion argument.
The representation constant used here is royalty(G) = √m, where m is the dimension of the
fixed faithful unitary representation. In particular it is at least one. It is distinct from the Fourier
aliasing price, which depends on a strip width and an analytic norm.
The reference-chart radius and margin have the explicit values

p0 = (x + sG log L)−7/16, d0 = (x + sG log L)−1, h = (x + sG log L)−23/20. (RB6)

The logarithm of the normalized finite Gaussian integral is centered by subtracting its value at the identity. On the reference chart ∥P∥+ 2d0 < p0, with no flags, its derivatives through the purchased order satisfy ∥Dlf(P)∥≤hp−l 0 . The lower bound on its unnormalized integral is strictly positive. These statements are obtained on the actual reference forest and its Gaussian marginal, with the same stationary section and coupling, by the Gaussian differentiation and connected estimates (ASP2a)–(ASP2c), the local integral normalization (PRI2)–(PRI5), and the logarithm series (ASP1)–(ASP2). In particular the bound concerns the centered logarithm, not the integral

itself. The reference side must exceed the prescribed patch and covariance read radius. The path width, path norm, loop allowance, correction parameter and derivative horizon are fixed first; the odd block length is then above their finite lower bounds; finally x is above their common delay. Bounds for the two adjacent loop allowances and the correction parameter put both sides in these same estimates. The exact logarithmic density identity on the strict healthy chart has the form

f(P) = c −
X
y∈Site(n)
Fy(actual P) −
X
α
Aα(actual P).
(RB7)
Source page 192.
Searchable transcription
f(P) = c −
X
y∈Site(n)
Fy(actual P) −
X
α
Aα(actual P).
(RB7)

Here Fy is the retained finite ordinary reference density and Aα the emitted regular source. Their actual occurrence indices and supports are retained in the sum. The nonretained source consists of the omitted ordinary occurrences and omitted short stationary paths, not of a difference between Gaussian integrals on different tori. Its anchored early allowance is at most h once its approximation depth is large. The retained-source part has allowance at most turnFee(B)(h + h). Summing these two bounds gives turnFee(B)(h + h) + h per site. Summation over V sites and centering (RB7) gives the second term of (RB4a); the reference logarithm gives its first term after the logarithmic chart chain rule already proved there. This explains every summand in qj.

We give the tail argument that supplies the omitted-source allowance used in (RB7). A regular
address is a pair (oα, Xα), its anchor and finite support. For nonnegative numbers aα, its early
bound u means
X
sup
aα exp{(e + 3) covB(Xα)} ≤u.
(RB8)
o
α:oα=o
Searchable transcription
We give the tail argument that supplies the omitted-source allowance used in (RB7). A regular
address is a pair (oα, Xα), its anchor and finite support. For nonnegative numbers aα, its early
bound u means
X
sup
aα exp{(e + 3) covB(Xα)} ≤u.
(RB8)
o
α:oα=o
Sum over the V anchors. Since each exponential is at least one, P
α aα ≤V u. This proves absolute
summability of the derivative envelopes, including derivatives in any fixed finite list of directions:
divide those directions by one common scalar until they satisfy the threshold bound, apply (RB8),
then multiply by that scalar to the derivative order. The same scalar works for every address.
Termwise differentiation on the strict healthy open set therefore follows from uniform absolute
convergence of the derivative series through order k.
Changing every anchor to the one in the common listing multiplies its envelope by at most
Kanc = ((1 + D)p)k, as in (RB5). On this fixed torus,
Source page 192.
Searchable transcription
Sum over the V anchors. Since each exponential is at least one, P
α aα ≤V u. This proves absolute
summability of the derivative envelopes, including derivatives in any fixed finite list of directions:
divide those directions by one common scalar until they satisfy the threshold bound, apply (RB8),
then multiply by that scalar to the derivative order. The same scalar works for every address.
Termwise differentiation on the strict healthy open set therefore follows from uniform absolute
convergence of the derivative series through order k.
Changing every anchor to the one in the common listing multiplies its envelope by at most
Kanc = ((1 + D)p)k, as in (RB5). On this fixed torus,
covB(X) ≤V,
Ksup = exp{(e + 3)V }
Source page 192.
Searchable transcription
covB(X) ≤V,
Ksup = exp{(e + 3)V }

bounds every early support weight. Thus an unweighted summable envelope aα gives the summable weighted envelope gα = Kancaαe(e+3) covB(Xα). For the debris predicate

Pm(α) = {α is not kept and does not belong to the depth-m finite roster}

one has 1Pm(α) →0 at every fixed address: ordinary occurrences exhaust their finite shelves and
short paths exhaust their length cutoffs. Dominated convergence for the nonnegative series yields
P
α 1Pm(α)gα →0. This proves a small early bound, rather than merely a small unweighted sum.
Source page 192.
Searchable transcription
one has 1Pm(α) →0 at every fixed address: ordinary occurrences exhaust their finite shelves and
short paths exhaust their length cutoffs. Dominated convergence for the nonnegative series yields
P
α 1Pm(α)gα →0. This proves a small early bound, rather than merely a small unweighted sum.
For clarity, source deviation has the following meaning. Two sources have identical regular and
forced address layouts. There are nonnegative envelopes cα, dα such that on each regular healthy
domain every left derivative through order k of their difference is bounded by cα, and on every
configuration every forced coefficient difference is bounded by dα. Both total weighted sums
X
α
ee covB(Xα)cα,
X
α
ee covB(Yα)dα
Source page 193.
Searchable transcription
For clarity, source deviation has the following meaning. Two sources have identical regular and
forced address layouts. There are nonnegative envelopes cα, dα such that on each regular healthy
domain every left derivative through order k of their difference is bounded by cα, and on every
configuration every forced coefficient difference is bounded by dα. Both total weighted sums
X
α
ee covB(Xα)cα,
X
α
ee covB(Yα)dα

are at most the deviation allowance δ. Regular directions use the anchor-dependent budget (AB1)– (AB4). Forced coefficients use their full configuration domain.

The dependence on the coupling and input activities is continuous in this deviation sense. On a finite set of occurrence addresses, the local integrands and their derivatives vary continuously: the Gaussian covariance and mean, finite Haar factors, cutoffprofiles and stationary coordinates are the actual ones already constructed. Their local integral bounds (ASP2b)–(ASP2c) provide a common integrable majorant. The normalized denominator stays positive in a sufficiently small neighborhood. Differentiation and dominated convergence hence give continuity of each regular derivative supremum on its compact direction and healthy test sets; the full-domain forced bounds use the corresponding full-domain envelopes. For the infinite family, the signed connected expansion gives a common summable majorant on that neighborhood, by (ASP3)–(ASP5). Given δ > 0, first choose a finite address set whose common tail is below δ/4, then use finite continuity to make its sum below δ/2. The two tails contribute at most δ/2. This proves deviation continuity with the actual support weights.

More explicitly, the dependence of the stationary path-only terms on the coupling is affine: if Aα(β) denotes one such term, then

Aα(β) −Aα(β′) = (β −β′){Aα(1) −Aα(0)}.
Source page 193.
Searchable transcription
Aα(β) −Aα(β′) = (β −β′){Aα(1) −Aα(0)}.

The two early envelopes at couplings zero and one give a summable Lipschitz envelope for this difference. The other connected terms are compared by the same marked interpolation before summation. If the input source discrepancy is t, their regular and forced absolute envelopes have sums bounded by tM and tQ for fixed finite M, Q, whenever 0 < t ≤t0. Signed translations cost

Z = |Seat(n)| Rim(n) turnFee(B)M.
Source page 193.
Searchable transcription
Z = |Seat(n)| Rim(n) turnFee(B)M.

Reindexing does not change a sum; multiplication by the symmetry normalization and the directionchange allowance gives exactly these factors. Converting a total unweighted envelope to a weighted one costs at most A = eeV . Thus the outgoing source deviation is bounded by t{1 + AZ + AQ}. All these constants may depend on this reference torus, budget, fixed path bounds and derivative horizon, but are independent of the approximation depth.

Finally fix a parameter value and an early target u > 0. Pay u/2 for its debris tail using (RB8). Choose a parameter neighborhood with full source deviation below u/(2Ksup); then its restricted debris differences have early allowance at most u/2. The triangle inequality gives the same tail bound u throughout that neighborhood for all sufficiently large depths. A finite subcover of the compact coupling band makes the depth uniform. Applying this to the five fixed reference tori proves the common h allowance in (RB7), then (RB4a) and (RB4b), and hence the beacon term in (FCC1). No torus-uniform version of Kanc or Ksup is used.

Derivation and transfer of the reference chart estimate

The reference chart comparison uses a stationary expansion on fixed reference tori. Constants at this point may depend on the chosen reference torus and finite horizon. The subsequent periodic-copy

and activity arguments identify where that dependence is admissible. A finite reference calibration should therefore not be read as a uniform inverse estimate at every level.

We first derive the protected-logarithm jet input. Fix the stage and derivative order before the delay. Put y = βF , u = y−7/16, m = y−1, δ = β−1/2, and D = d fineMonitor(t). Work at centers with ∥v∥+ 2m < u; eventually δ < u and the stationary radius exceeds u. Every z ∈B(v, m) then satisfies ∥z∥+m < u, which is the margin needed for the Gaussian logarithm estimates throughout this ball. Let I be the actual protected integral, V (δ, ·) its truncated Gaussian approximation with fluctuation cutoffD, and p = Ωexp(−coverLog) > 0. The Gaussian comparison on the whole closed ball B(v, m), using the vertical gap g > 0, is

0 ≤I(z) −pV (δ, z) ≤pe−gD2/8,
V (δ, z) ≥a = e−1/2.
(PL1)
Source page 194.
Searchable transcription
0 ≤I(z) −pV (δ, z) ≤pe−gD2/8,
V (δ, z) ≥a = e−1/2.
(PL1)

The positive omitted tail is bounded by the quadratic Gaussian tail estimate; the local comparison includes the chart and Haar factors. Here Ωis field independent, whereas p(z) = Ωe−coverLog(z)

is a positive function of the center. The inequalities and the following logarithm argument are pointwise in that center. The cutoffs equal one near zero fluctuation, where the density is strictly positive, so I > 0. Its Gaussian determinant is positive by the vertical gap. Writing I = pV (1 + q) gives 0 ≤q ≤e−gD2/8/a. Hence the logarithmic discrepancy

f = log I −log Ω+ coverLog −log V
satisfies
|f| ≤a−1e−gD2/8,
(PL2)
Source page 194.
Searchable transcription
f = log I −log Ω+ coverLog −log V
satisfies
|f| ≤a−1e−gD2/8,
(PL2)
by 0 ≤log(1 + q) ≤q. This is only a value estimate.
We record how the actual integral comparison in (PL1) is obtained, so that its positive error and
its domain are explicit. On the fixed forest fiber let Uz be the set represented by the fluctuation chart
U = draw(Vz, μ(z) + δi), ∥i∥≤D, where μ is the stationary graph. The chart radius inequalities
are (1 + trailCost)u + δD < initial and the corresponding color-scaled displacement is below the
group-chart radius. On this set all protecting flags vanish. The exact change of variables, including
its Haar Jacobian and the vertical Gaussian determinant, gives
Z
Uz
Iz(U) dνF (U) = p(z)V (δ, z),
I(z) = p(z)V (δ, z) +
Z
Ucz
Iz(U) dνF (U).
(PL1a)
Source page 194.
Searchable transcription
by 0 ≤log(1 + q) ≤q. This is only a value estimate.
We record how the actual integral comparison in (PL1) is obtained, so that its positive error and
its domain are explicit. On the fixed forest fiber let Uz be the set represented by the fluctuation chart
U = draw(Vz, μ(z) + δi), ∥i∥≤D, where μ is the stationary graph. The chart radius inequalities
are (1 + trailCost)u + δD < initial and the corresponding color-scaled displacement is below the
group-chart radius. On this set all protecting flags vanish. The exact change of variables, including
its Haar Jacobian and the vertical Gaussian determinant, gives
Z
Uz
Iz(U) dνF (U) = p(z)V (δ, z),
I(z) = p(z)V (δ, z) +
Z
Ucz
Iz(U) dνF (U).
(PL1a)

Here Iz is the nonnegative summed fiber density used in the exact push. This is why the comparison has a one-sided error.

The outside-field energy bound is paid in the same chart. Denote by k the number of free bonds, by wg(β) > 0 the single-bond chart normalization, by vC the common finite size bound, and by K0, T0 respectively the local derivative and determinant expenses. With RD = gD2/4, its normalized logarithmic expense is

YD = −k log wg(β) −RD + vC loopsPrice + K0 + T0.
(PL1b)
Source page 194.
Searchable transcription
YD = −k log wg(β) −RD + vC loopsPrice + K0 + T0.
(PL1b)
The fiber complement estimate is
R
Ucz Iz ≤p(z)eYD. It uses the local link reconstruction to put every
small-toll, small-wire configuration in the safety chart. Otherwise its fine or prediction penalty pays
at least the threshold energy. The parameter inequality
Source page 194.
Searchable transcription
The fiber complement estimate is
R
Ucz Iz ≤p(z)eYD. It uses the local link reconstruction to put every
small-toll, small-wire configuration in the safety chart. Otherwise its fine or prediction penalty pays
at least the threshold energy. The parameter inequality
β meter(vC)u + RD ≤βppenaltym2
0/2
Source page 194.
Searchable transcription
β meter(vC)u + RD ≤βppenaltym2
0/2

makes that alternative at least as expensive as the fluctuation tail; m0 is a fixed positive safety threshold, not the shrinking radius m. The quadratic lower bound within the chart pays the other alternative. Both comparisons use the same actual field and forest fiber.

The delay makes YD ≤−RD/2, and also the stronger inequality YD + E + 2 ≤−RD/2. Here the extra expense used to locate a clean chart point is

E = β{vCCcl∥z∥5 + vCC′(θ′3 + θ′4)} + K0 + T0 + vCAcoarse/2.
Source page 195.
Searchable transcription
E = β{vCCcl∥z∥5 + vCC′(θ′3 + θ′4)} + K0 + T0 + vCAcoarse/2.

The two terms multiplied by β and the loop expense are eventually bounded by one: the field radius has rate −7/16, the threshold has rate −1/2, and the remaining size factors have rate zero. The nondecaying expense K0 is affine in the fine monitor, K0 = a(t) + b(t)fineMonitor(t), with a, b bounded by the already fixed polynomial size budgets. The normalization and determinant expenses have the same type of bound. The square RD = (gd2/4)fineMonitor(t)2 dominates this fixed finite list, after the stage parameters and positive d are fixed. This proves both inequalities. The stronger one, together with the positive lower bound for the total push, forces a clean point inside Uz; the local chord and displacement estimates then keep all chart flags zero on the surrounding radius-m ball. Thus (PL1a) applies throughout that ball. The first inequality and (PL1b) give its error e−RD/2 = e−gD2/8, as claimed. The truncated Gaussian lower bound and its jet estimates use the same size and radius choices. Their derivation is the local Gaussian expansion above; no full-field lower bound for an inverse density is used here.

The Gaussian approximation uses the actual functions constructed above. Keep the retained maximum-norm real coordinates x, and give the vertical real coordinate array its Euclidean norm, denoting it by h. The linear map L(x, h) that joins these arrays into the joint maximum-norm array has norm at most one. In this notation set

φ(x, h) = F(L(x, h)),
ψ(x, h) = loop(U(x, h)) −
X
e free
log JG(tint(h)e).
(GL0)
Source page 195.
Searchable transcription
φ(x, h) = F(L(x, h)),
ψ(x, h) = loop(U(x, h)) −
X
e free
log JG(tint(h)e).
(GL0)

Here F is the main-action-plus-prediction score (AS1), U is its actual fine configuration, loop is the retained quadratic-loop contribution, and JG is the local Haar density of the chart in the earlier primitive integral. The minus sign makes e−ψ contain the positive Haar factor. Let ρ(x) be the vertical Euclidean version of the unique graph (US7), and let M(x) be its Hessian in these vertical coordinates. The equality of counting and Euclidean color squared norms proves

Dhφ(x, ρ(x)) = 0,
D2
hφ(x, ρ(x))[z, z] = zTM(x)z,
M(x) ≥(g/2)I.
(GL0a)
Source page 195.
Searchable transcription
Dhφ(x, ρ(x)) = 0,
D2
hφ(x, ρ(x))[z, z] = zTM(x)z,
M(x) ≥(g/2)I.
(GL0a)

Thus the inverse covariance bound used below is M(x)−1 ≤(2/g)I; it is the retained half-gap of the actual stationary Hessian.

We explain the common derivative hypotheses for these functions. The joined points used below satisfy ∥L(x, ρ(x) + tbz)∥≤Rpath∥x∥+ |b|D, 0 ≤t ≤1, ∥z∥≤D,

where Rpath is the stationary Lipschitz price, enlarged to include the retained identity coordinate. The radius inequalities before (PL1a) put this whole set inside the purchased stationary domain and put every color logarithm inside half the Haar-chart radius. The graph jets are (US8). The score jets follow from (AS6) after the norm-at-most-one map L; converting coordinate multilinear bounds to operator bounds costs at most the number of joint coordinates to the derivative order. The loop jets follow by summing the absolutely weighted path jets, multiplied by the fine-site count. A Haar summand is the fixed analytic log JG composed with a color projection of norm at most 1+dim g, so its order-k price is at most its purchased chart price times (2+dim g)k; summing costs the free-bond count.

The centered determinant jets required below are controlled on this same domain. Differentiate D log det M = tr(M−1DM) and D(M−1) = −M−1(DM)M−1. Repeating gives a finite sum of

traces of products of inverse factors and derivatives of M, indexed by ordered derivative partitions. Each trace is bounded by the vertical dimension times the product of the operator norms. The inverse factor has bound 2/g, and derivatives of M are obtained from two score derivatives and the graph chain rule, all at the already purchased higher orders. This gives a finite polynomial price in those jet bounds, the coordinate counts and 2/g. The value of the centered determinant logarithm follows by integrating its first derivative from zero. These operations give the common price C for the graph, classical score, quantum contribution and centered half-log-determinant used below. Its dependence on the auxiliary size bounds is polynomial at fixed derivative order; those sizes have the assigned polynomial logarithmic bounds. Consequently C has rate zero. This establishes the hypotheses of the local Gaussian calculation on the entire displaced set, using the actual score, chart and graph.

Define the Taylor-integral expression

A(b, x, z) =
Z 1
0
(1 −t)D2
hφ(x, ρ(x) + tbz)[z, z], dt.
(GL1)
Source page 196.
Searchable transcription
A(b, x, z) =
Z 1
0
(1 −t)D2
hφ(x, ρ(x) + tbz)[z, z], dt.
(GL1)
Stationarity and twice integrating a line derivative give φ(x, ρ(x) + bz) −φ(x, ρ(x)) = b2A(b, x, z),
including b = 0 by the displayed integral. In particular A(0, x, z) = 1
2zTM(x)z. Put
Source page 196.
Searchable transcription
Stationarity and twice integrating a line derivative give φ(x, ρ(x) + bz) −φ(x, ρ(x)) = b2A(b, x, z),
including b = 0 by the displayed integral. In particular A(0, x, z) = 1
2zTM(x)z. Put
G(b, x, z) = 1
2 log det M(x) −1
2 log det M(0) + A(0, 0, z) −A(b, x, z)
+ ψ(x, ρ(x)) −ψ(x, ρ(x) + bz).
(GL2)
Source page 196.
Searchable transcription
G(b, x, z) = 1
2 log det M(x) −1
2 log det M(0) + A(0, 0, z) −A(b, x, z)
+ ψ(x, ρ(x)) −ψ(x, ρ(x) + bz).
(GL2)

Then the same truncated approximation in (PL1) is

V (b, x) =
Z
∥z∥≤D
eG(b,x,z)dγM(0)−1(z).
(GL3)
Source page 196.
Searchable transcription
V (b, x) =
Z
∥z∥≤D
eG(b,x,z)dγM(0)−1(z).
(GL3)

At b = 0, multiplying its fixed Gaussian density by the exponential in (GL2) gives exactly the density of γM(x)−1. Hence V (0, x) = γM(x)−1(B(0, D)). (GL4)

This identity retains the moving determinant and covariance; replacing either by its value at zero would lose the derivative argument.

Here is a uniform estimate for the mass in (GL4). If a centered Gaussian covariance Q satisfies
Q ≤cI, its one-coordinate exponential moment gives P(|Zi| ≥v) ≤2e−sv+cs2/2 for s ≥0: apply
Markov’s inequality to e±sZi and add. If the number of coordinates is at most P ≥1, and Pv ≤D,
the complement of the radius-D ball is contained in the union of those coordinate events. Indeed,
√
Pv ≤Pv ≤D. Thus its probability is at most 2Pe−sv+cs2/2.
if every |Zi| < v, then ∥Z∥≤
Take P = 1 + Q0(t), where Q0 is the fixed polynomial size budget, and write H = fineMonitor(t).
√
√
Eventually P ≤
H. For D = dH, choose v = d
H and s = v/c. The error is at most
Searchable transcription
Here is a uniform estimate for the mass in (GL4). If a centered Gaussian covariance Q satisfies
Q ≤cI, its one-coordinate exponential moment gives P(|Zi| ≥v) ≤2e−sv+cs2/2 for s ≥0: apply
Markov’s inequality to e±sZi and add. If the number of coordinates is at most P ≥1, and Pv ≤D,
the complement of the radius-D ball is contained in the union of those coordinate events. Indeed,
√
Pv ≤Pv ≤D. Thus its probability is at most 2Pe−sv+cs2/2.
if every |Zi| < v, then ∥Z∥≤
Take P = 1 + Q0(t), where Q0 is the fixed polynomial size budget, and write H = fineMonitor(t).
√
√
Eventually P ≤
H. For D = dH, choose v = d
H and s = v/c. The error is at most
2P exp(−d2H/(2c)).
(GL5)
Source page 196.
Searchable transcription
2P exp(−d2H/(2c)).
(GL5)

The monitor is chosen to dominate these polynomial size budgets and logarithmic coupling powers, so (GL5) is smaller than ya for every fixed exponent a, after increasing the delay. This estimate is uniform for the moving covariances, since the inverse-Hessian bound gives one common c. For completeness the derivative price in (GL3) is finite without any derivative of a moving integration set. At order s, put

Us = 2(1 + C + D),
As = D2Bs(Us, C),
Fs = 2C + 2As + 2Bs(Us, C).
Source page 196.
Searchable transcription
Us = 2(1 + C + D),
As = D2Bs(Us, C),
Fs = 2C + 2As + 2Bs(Us, C).

Here C bounds the purchased section, score, quantum and centered determinant jets, with two extra score and section orders for (GL1). The affine displacement map in (GL1) has price Us; evaluating its second score derivative on two copies of z gives the factor D2. Integration against 1 −t, followed by the sum in (GL2), bounds all jets of G by Fs. Since G(0, 0, z) = 0, its first derivative also gives |G(b, x, z)| ≤Fs max(|b|, ∥x∥). The shrinking chart makes this at most one. Consequently e−1 ≤eG ≤e on the fixed cutoffball. Its base Gaussian mass is eventually at least one half by (GL5), so e−1/2 ≤V (b, x) ≤e. The exponential composition rule bounds its jets by Bs(Fs, Es); the fixed Gaussian measure is a probability, so integration preserves this bound. The logarithm on the compact interval [e−1/2, e] has a finite fixed jet price Ls, giving the joint (b, x)-jet bound B(t) = Bs(Bs(Fs, Es), Ls). All these prices have rate zero.

Finally (GL2) is unchanged by simultaneously replacing (b, z) with (−b, −z). Symmetry of the cutoffball and base Gaussian makes V (−b, x) = V (b, x), and therefore its logarithm is even in b. Each of its x-derivatives has zero first b-derivative at zero. Integrating its second b-derivative bounds the difference from its b = 0 value by B(t)b2, through order j, using the purchased joint order j + 2. At b = 0, (GL4)–(GL5) and | log v| ≤2(1 −v) for 1/2 ≤v ≤1 give an arbitrarily small polynomial value error on the surrounding ball. Apply the interpolation (PL4) below with a rough joint bound B(t) ≤y and a sufficiently small chosen value exponent. This bounds the x-jets of log V (0, x) by y−2. Combining the even difference and this zero-parameter estimate gives the asserted Gaussian logarithm jet price B(t)δ2 +y−2 at b = δ, as well as its lower bound. This proves the Gaussian input used in (PL1) and (RBG2).

The separate rough derivative estimate for the discrepancy on that closed ball is, for a requested order j, sup z∈B(v,m) ∥Dif(z)∥≤yS0 (0 ≤i ≤j + 1), S0 = (j + 1)2 + 2. (PL3)

For this rough estimate one can avoid estimating an inverse integral on a whole chart. We give the relative derivative bound used in the construction. Write the exact push as an integral over a fixed forest fiber of a finite sum of nonnegative functions

I(x) =
Z X
α
aα(U)e−βNα(x,U) dνF (U),
aα(U) ≥0.
(PL3a)
Source page 197.
Searchable transcription
I(x) =
Z X
α
aα(U)e−βNα(x,U) dνF (U),
aα(U) ≥0.
(PL3a)

The coefficients include the fine density and all factors independent of the retained coordinate x. The only x-dependence here is the prediction penalty Nα, with the fiber configuration fixed. In particular this argument does not require a nearby point to retain a selected protecting flag. Let r bound the number of coarse bonds. The link product and trace estimates in (AS3) give the penalty jet price AN = ppenalty r P(2non colorScale).

The predictor at fixed U is a constant group element of matrix norm colorScale; hence this price is uniform in U and the finite choice α. For clarity write the composition polynomial as

Bn(a, b) = n!b(2 + a)n.
Source page 197.
Searchable transcription
Bn(a, b) = n!b(2 + a)n.

It bounds the finite partition sum for composition when the inner and outer jets have respective prices a, b at scale one. Subtracting the value of −βNα at the center costs a factor two in its jet bound. If En bounds the exponential jets at zero, each integrand in (PL3a) therefore has jets through order n bounded by its own value times

Kn = Bn(2|β|AN, En).
Source page 197.
Searchable transcription
Kn = Bn(2|β|AN, En).

Integrating preserves this relative bound. Differentiation under the integral follows from the same estimate on a neighborhood together with the bounded fine-density envelope and the finite Haar fiber measure. Consequently ∥DiI(x)∥≤KnI(x) for i ≤n. At each center where (PL1) gives I(x) > 0, normalize by this single positive value: Jx(z) = I(z)/I(x). Its jets at z = x are bounded by Kn, and Jx(x) = 1. If Ln bounds the logarithm jets at one, the chain rule gives jets of log I(z) −log I(x) = log Jx(z) bounded by Bn(Kn, Ln). The size of I(x)−1 has canceled before estimating. This is the normalization that supplies rough logarithm derivatives uniformly over the surrounding ball.

The other terms of f have explicit prices as well. If C(t) is the stationary chart-jet price, set

Tn(t) = Bn(2 + 2C(t), C(t)),
On(β, t) = βTn(t) + Tn(t) + C(t).
Source page 198.
Searchable transcription
Tn(t) = Bn(2 + 2C(t), C(t)),
On(β, t) = βTn(t) + Tn(t) + C(t).

Composition of the classical action, quantum action and Gaussian determinant on the stationary graph bounds the centered cover logarithm by 2On. Let w(t) be the rate-zero Gaussian-log coefficient and put Q(t) = |w(t)| + y−2; since δ ≤1, the Gaussian logarithm jet price is at most Q(t). Combining the centered logarithms and then restoring the value bound (PL2), which is eventually at most one, gives the rough price

M(t) = Bn(Kn(2y, r(t)), Ln) + 2On(2y, t) + 2Q(t) + 1,
n = j + 1.
(PL3b)
Source page 198.
Searchable transcription
M(t) = Bn(Kn(2y, r(t)), Ln) + 2On(2y, t) + 2Q(t) + 1,
n = j + 1.
(PL3b)

The actual coupling lies below 2y, so positivity and monotonicity of these polynomials justify that substitution. The bond-count bound r(t), chart coefficient C(t) and w(t) have rate zero. Thus AN has rate zero, Kn has rate n, and Bn(Kn, Ln) has rate n2. The cover term has rate one and the Gaussian term rate zero. Their sum has rate at most S0 −1 = n2 + 1, and hence is eventually at most yS0. This proves (PL3), including the zeroth derivative by (PL2). It uses actual integral derivatives and the surrounding ball, rather than differentiating the small value error.

Here is the interpolation and its order of choices. If ∥Dih∥≤vi on a ball of radius s and ∥Di+2h∥≤C, integration along unit directions gives

∥Di+1h(0)∥≤2vi/s + Cs.
(PL4)
Source page 198.
Searchable transcription
∥Di+1h(0)∥≤2vi/s + Cs.
(PL4)

For multilinear derivatives one tests unit vectors before applying this line estimate. Suppose rough derivatives through order j + 1 are bounded by yd on a ball of radius y−a, a > 0. For any target exponent b, a sufficiently small value bound yB on that ball implies every jet through order j at its center is bounded by yb. At order zero take B = b. For the step from order i to i + 1, choose

c = a + max(0, d −b) + 1,
b′ = b −1 −c,
Source page 198.
Searchable transcription
c = a + max(0, d −b) + 1,
b′ = b −1 −c,

then use the order-i assertion with target b′ and ball exponent c to determine B. Eventually 2y−c ≤y−a, so the smaller balls around points within y−c of the center lie in the original ball. The induction gives ∥Dih∥≤yb′ there. Formula (PL4) gives 2yb′+c + yd−c, whose two exponents are strictly below b; their sum is eventually at most yb. Lower jets already satisfy the stronger bound.

Apply this recursion with a = 1, d = S0, b = −2, j = n. It fixes B first; then choose the tail accuracy and delay so that (PL2) is at most yB. Thus the discrepancy jets are bounded by y−2. Gaussian differentiation bounds the separate local Gaussian logarithm jets by H(t)δ2 + y−2, with H of rate zero. Keeping that term in L0 leaves the discrepancy Y in (RBG1). Since u ≤1,

max
i≤n ui∥DiY (v)∥≤y−2.
(PL5)
Source page 198.
Searchable transcription
max
i≤n ui∥DiY (v)∥≤y−2.
(PL5)

This includes v = 0. The critical extension and actual chart composition use the already purchased higher jets and finite composition prices. Those prices are fixed before the tail and reference delays.

Source: A Wilson Yang–Mills Construction: A Natural-Language Mathematical Exposition. Both papers belong to one Zenodo record. No external funding.