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Shadow Theory

Appendix ESPC-2 · Revised edition

Reconstruction, symmetry, and the meaning of a source

Reading position 35 of 37

E.1 A selected representative is not an inverse

If p:S→Xp:S\to X is surjective, a section σ:X→S\sigma:X\to S satisfies pσ=idXp\sigma=\id_X. It also satisfies σp=idS\sigma p=\id_S only if pp is injective. Indeed, if p(s)=p(t)p(s)=p(t), then s=σp(s)=σp(t)=ts=\sigma p(s)=\sigma p(t)=t. Choosing one state per fibre therefore does not reconstruct which of the original fibre states actually occurred.

This distinction matters for both source ontology and phenomenal interpretation. A canonical-looking selected representative can provide useful coordinates without proving that the source has only that representative. The choice can also depend on structures not present in the readout. Such dependence must be retained rather than disguised as an intrinsic property of the quotient.

E.2 Reconstruction laws, retained archives and original events

The distinction between a selected representative and the actual original has a statistical counterpart. Consider the masked encoder with output (Y,Z)(Y,Z) and source-conditioned rows in the order 00,01,10,1100,01,10,11,

P0=(1/2,ε/2,0,(1−ε)/2),P1=(0,(1−ε)/2,1/2,ε/2),0≤ε≤1. P_0=(1/2,\varepsilon/2,0,(1-\varepsilon)/2),\qquad P_1=(0,(1-\varepsilon)/2,1/2,\varepsilon/2),\quad0\le\varepsilon\le1.

A common stochastic reconstruction from YY can reproduce the full law approximately while resampling the recorded YY. Its exact minimax total-variation error is

δfree=max⁡{1/2−ε,(1−ε)/4} \delta_{\rm free}=\max\{1/2-\varepsilon,(1-\varepsilon)/4\}

[50]. Preserving the actual retained archive imposes a stronger condition: only Z^\widehat Z may be generated, from YY and fresh source-independent randomness. The integration report proves the sharp error

δkeep=1−ε2(1+ε) \delta_{\rm keep}=\frac{1-\varepsilon}{2(1+\varepsilon)}

[13]. To see this, symmetrize a candidate under (b,Y,Z)↦(1−b,1−Y,Z)(b,Y,Z)\mapsto(1-b,1-Y,Z). Convexity cannot increase its worst error, and its two rows then share a=P(Z^=0∣Y)a=P(\widehat Z=0\mid Y). Both source errors become

f(a)=∣12−1+ε2a∣+1−ε2a. f(a)=\left|\frac12-\frac{1+\varepsilon}{2}a\right| +\frac{1-\varepsilon}{2}a.

The minimum occurs at a=1/(1+ε)a=1/(1+\varepsilon), giving the displayed value. At ε=0\varepsilon=0 this attainer is valid but need not be unique. Keeping an immutable classical reference copy H=YH=Y enforces the same optimum for the complete target record (H,Y,Z)(H,Y,Z): replacing a reconstructed Y^\widehat Y by unchanged HH fixes the target law and cannot increase total variation.

Recovering the actual missing bit from the original run asks a different question. With only its YY and fresh source-independent randomness,

inf⁡Amax⁡bPb(Z^≠Z)=12. \inf_A\max_bP_b(\widehat Z\ne Z)=\frac12.

Under a uniform source prior the original (Y,Z)(Y,Z) distribution is uniform, so ZZ is fair and independent of YY; every decoder has average error 1/21/2. Always guessing zero attains that error under both sources. At ε=1/3\varepsilon=1/3 the three optimal errors are therefore 1/61/6, 1/41/4 and 1/21/2. Even at ε=1\varepsilon=1, exact reconstruction of either law does not recover the original event.

These results concern the declared classical access contract. Access to the original random seed or omitted register would change the experiment; quantum reference preservation requires its own theorem. The distinction bears directly on memory transfer and incorporation: matching a distribution, keeping an archive and recovering what happened are different achievements. None alone supplies process lineage or episode continuation under A3. A reconstructed representation can become part of a new current activity without thereby becoming the earlier activity it represents.

E.3 Equivariant sections

Suppose a group GG acts on SS and XX and pp is equivariant. Let GxG_x be the stabilizer of xx and Fx=p−1(x)F_x=p^{-1}(x).

Proposition E.1 (Equivariant representative criterion)

A GG-equivariant section exists if and only if, for each orbit representative xx, the stabilizer GxG_x fixes a point of FxF_x, with the requisite orbitwise choices available.

Proof

If σ\sigma is equivariant and g∈Gxg\in G_x, then gσ(x)=σ(gx)=σ(x)g\sigma(x)=\sigma(gx)=\sigma(x), proving necessity. Conversely choose sx∈Fxs_x\in F_x fixed by GxG_x for each orbit representative and define σ(gx)=gsx\sigma(gx)=gs_x. If gx=g′xgx=g'x, then g′−1g∈Gxg'^{-1}g\in G_x fixes sxs_x, so the definition is independent of the chosen representative. It is a section and equivariant by construction.

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A two-point fibre on which the stabilizer swaps its points has no deterministic equivariant representative, although its uniform probability distribution is invariant. An invariant ensemble is not a recovered actual state. These source/readout facts are developed in the source non-equivalence manuscript [57].

E.4 The distinctions required by an anchored content

The relational-awareness supplement refines the symmetry obstruction into a target-specific completion result [58, Sections 9.2–9.4]. Let a finite group GG act on physical descriptions XX and nominated contents C\mathcal C. Fix a description xx and an independently warranted content cc, and put H=Stab⁡G(x)H=\operatorname{Stab}_G(x) and Gc=Stab⁡G(c)G_c=\operatorname{Stab}_G(c). An equivariant map F:Gx→CF:Gx\to\mathcal C with F(x)=cF(x)=c exists exactly when H⊆GcH\subseteq G_c. Necessity follows from F(hx)=hF(x)F(hx)=hF(x); sufficiency defines F(gx)=gcF(gx)=gc, which is well-defined under the stabilizer inclusion.

If this condition fails, an added equivariant signature above xx that recovers cc needs at least [H:H∩Gc][H:H\cap G_c] distinct admissible signature values. A transformation fixing the signature must fix its recovered content, so its stabilizer is contained in H∩GcH\cap G_c; orbit–stabilizer gives the bound. The coset construction attains it. Over the full physical orbit it is

G/(H∩Gc)⟶G/H,g(H∩Gc)⟼gH, G/(H\cap G_c)\longrightarrow G/H,\qquad g(H\cap G_c)\longmapsto gH,

with recovery g(H∩Gc)↦gcg(H\cap G_c)\mapsto gc. These are coset sets, without a normality assumption. The count concerns required distinctions under this contract, not material parts or neurons. For a coarser target one uses its own stabilizer and can require fewer distinctions.

For four wholly interchangeable labels, strict line betweenness has twelve distinct arrangements up to reversal, an unoriented four-cycle has three, and an equal-distance relation has one. Occurrence alone can also be invariant: both constant-present and constant-absent assignments respect symmetry. Thus symmetry determines neither actual appearance nor its bearer. A passive coordinate change redescribes one token; active replacement requires an independently justified transport premise. The actual anchor and that transport are inputs to this result, not its conclusions.

E.5 Topological and physical qualifications

A continuous section can fail for reasons distinct from equivariance. The Hopf fibration S3→S2S^3\to S^2 has circle fibres and admits no continuous global section. A section of this principal circle bundle would trivialize it to S2×S1S^2\times S^1, but that product has nontrivial fundamental group whereas S3S^3 is simply connected. This is a topological obstruction, separate from a requirement to commute with a specified group action.

Neither obstruction proves that an arbitrary gauge coordinate is a hidden physical fact. If the theory declares the fibre distinction redundant, quotienting it removes a descriptive choice rather than observable source content. The reduced source must be identified before a non-reconstruction claim is interpreted physically. Likewise, a theorem about one noninjective aperture does not prove that every possible family of apertures fails jointly to reconstruct a nominated finite domain.

These qualifications strengthen the philosophical use of source/readout mathematics. They permit precise limitations on a perspective without converting ignorance into positive knowledge of an otherwise unspecified Absolute. They also prevent a selected phenomenal coordinate system from being confused with an independently demonstrated ontology.