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Shadow Theory

Appendix B 4 October 2026

Exact moment bound for the nonlinear witness

Reading position 12 of 14

B Exact moment bound for the nonlinear witness

Set τ=R−2\tau=R^{-2}, S=2x2+4y2S=2x^2+4y^2 in (6.1). Since gR=yfRg_R=yf_R, the product rule gives

bR=(0,e−τSPτ),Pτ=x2−τx4+τ2x6+4τ2x4y2. b_R=\bigl(0,e^{-\tau S}P_\tau\bigr),\qquad P_\tau=x^2-\tau x^4+\tau^2x^6+4\tau^2x^4y^2 .

All moments needed for ∥bR−b∞∥L2(r)2\|b_R-b_\infty\|_{L^2(r)}^2 are finite Gaussian integrals:

Er[x2py2qe−jτS]=(2p−1)!!(2q−1)!!2p4q(1+2jτ)p+q+1,(−1)!!=1. \mathbb E_r[x^{2p}y^{2q}e^{-j\tau S}] =\frac{(2p-1)!!(2q-1)!!} {2^p4^q(1+2j\tau)^{p+q+1}},\qquad (-1)!!=1.

Expanding the two finite polynomials yields

∥bR−b∞∥L2(r)2=A(τ)−2B(τ)+34,A(τ)=48+528τ+3228τ2+8148τ3+17883τ464(1+4τ)7,B(τ)=12+18τ+123τ216(1+2τ)5.\begin{aligned}\|b_R-b_\infty\|_{L^2(r)}^2 &=A(\tau)-2B(\tau)+\frac34,\\ A(\tau)&= \frac{48+528\tau+3228\tau^2+8148\tau^3+17883\tau^4} {64(1+4\tau)^7},\\ B(\tau)&=\frac{12+18\tau+123\tau^2} {16(1+2\tau)^5}. \end{aligned}

At τ=1/256\tau=1/256 this is the rational value EE displayed in section 6. The strict estimate used there is certified by

1576−4E3=261360546794830111543747189504563051511000000>0. \frac1{576}-\frac{4E}{3} =\frac{261360546794830111543} {747189504563051511000000}>0 .

This calculation is an exact continuum integral, not a spectral cutoff or numerical trajectory approximation.