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Shadow Theory

Appendix A 9 October 2026

Spatial forcing compression with all sources retained

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A Spatial forcing compression with all sources retained

A bounded relative-position region can have discrete free spatial modes even when the complete source Hilbert space has continuous spectrum. The following construction truncates the spatial forcing directions and leaves every source coefficient exact.

Theorem A.1 (Full-source inverse defect)

Let H=L2(Ω;Z)\mathcal H=L^2(\Omega;\mathcal Z), where Z\mathcal Z includes all source, centre-of-mass and internal variables. Let aa be a closed positive form with operator KK and

a(v,v)≥∥v∥2+λ∥∇relv∥2+the required hidden kinetic forms. a(v,v)\geq\|v\|^2+\lambda\|\nabla_{\rm rel}v\|^2 +\text{the required hidden kinetic forms}.

Choose a bounded open relative-position domain D⊂ΩD\subset\Omega, with free Dirichlet eigenvalues μj\mu_j, and project onto its first NN spatial eigenfunctions tensored with IZI_{\mathcal Z}. In the full physical form domain let WN\mathcal W_N consist of zero extensions of vectors in H01(D;Z)H_0^1(D;\mathcal Z) whose coefficients in those NN modes vanish. This defines the zero Dirichlet condition without requiring a classical boundary trace. Let VN=WN⊥a\mathcal V_N=\mathcal W_N^{\perp_a} and let KNK_N be the restricted closed form operator on the Hilbert closure of VN\mathcal V_N. With its physical inclusion JNJ_N, define

B=K−1,BN=JNKN−1JN†,DN=B−BN. B=K^{-1},\quad B_N=J_NK_N^{-1}J_N^\dagger,\quad D_N=B-B_N .

Then DN≥0D_N\geq0, its range is in WN\mathcal W_N, and

∥DN∥≤δN,∥K1/2DN∥≤δN,δN=(1+λμN+1)−1. \|D_N\|\leq\delta_N,\qquad \|K^{1/2}D_N\|\leq\sqrt{\delta_N},\qquad \delta_N=(1+\lambda\mu_{N+1})^{-1}. (A.1)

All exterior responses and Dirichlet form traces of BhBh and BNhB_Nh coincide. If D⊂[−a,a]3D\subset[-a,a]^3 and N=n3N=n^3, a sufficient bound is δN≤[1+λπ2(n+1)2/(4a2)]−1\delta_N\leq[1+\lambda\pi^2(n+1)^2/(4a^2)]^{-1}.

Proof

The coercive gradient bound makes form convergence imply convergence in the relative H1H^1 norm. The zero extensions of H01(D;Z)H_0^1(D;\mathcal Z) form a closed subspace there; the spatial-mode coefficient conditions are closed already in L2L^2. Thus WN\mathcal W_N and its form orthogonal complement are closed. Decompose the Riesz solution u=Bhu=Bh into uN+wNu_N+w_N. Testing its form equation in each orthogonal subspace gives uN=BNhu_N=B_Nh, wN=DNhw_N=D_Nh and

a(DNh,DNh)=⟨h,DNh⟩. a(D_Nh,D_Nh)=\langle h,D_Nh\rangle .

In particular DND_N is the positive inverse associated with the restricted high form, included into the physical space. The vector spectral expansion in the free spatial basis gives ∥∇relw∥2≥μN+1∥w∥2\|\nabla_{\rm rel}w\|^2\geq\mu_{N+1}\|w\|^2 on WN\mathcal W_N. Coercivity and Cauchy–Schwarz therefore yield ∥DNh∥≤δN∥h∥\|D_Nh\|\leq\delta_N\|h\|; substitution in the last identity proves the form bound. Its support and zero Dirichlet trace give the exterior claim; equality of conormal derivatives is not asserted. Dirichlet domain monotonicity compares DD to the cube. Any cube mode below π2(n+1)2/(4a2)\pi^2(n+1)^2/(4a^2) has all three indices at most nn, so there are at most n3n^3 such modes, proving the stated ceiling.

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If the high form is dense in the corresponding high Hilbert space, DND_N is its compressed-form inverse, included by zero extension. Otherwise its Hilbert closure is used; the proof is unchanged. It is generally not the unrestricted inverse followed by a high projection. For example, with K=(2112)K=\left(\begin{smallmatrix}2&1\\1&2\end{smallmatrix}\right) and W=span⁡(0,1)\mathcal W=\operatorname{span}(0,1), D=diag⁡(0,1/2)D=\operatorname{diag}(0,1/2), whereas K−1Q=(0−1/302/3)K^{-1}Q=\left(\begin{smallmatrix}0&-1/3\\0&2/3\end{smallmatrix}\right) is not even self-adjoint.

The decreasing high spaces have zero intersection by completeness of the free spatial expansion. Their orthogonal projections in the form Hilbert space converge strongly to zero: nested projection differences have squared norms equal to the differences of the squared projection norms, and the limit lies in the intersection. Hence the retained spaces are form dense. One may enrich them by any finite list of original form columns by intersecting the high space with their form orthogonal complements. The defect decreases and (A.1) survives; an enriched f∈Dom⁡Kf\in\operatorname{Dom}K satisfies BNKf=fB_NKf=f. No actual population has been substituted.

The construction supplies an inverse error and exact source retention, not a finite apparatus simulation: each spatial coefficient remains in Z\mathcal Z, and boundary response spaces can be infinite dimensional. Any evolution or control estimate must still propagate the physical form under its own hypotheses. Once that estimate supplies e,Qe,Q, Proposition 2.1 controls every admitted coordinate current, including source currents.