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Shadow Theory

Constructive sources and readers

Quantum Source Completions and Memory–Environment Tradeoffs

Exact source constructions separate reusable quantum memory from environment and retained-history costs.

Jeremy Rodgers · Independent Researcher · 2026-10-27

The question and the results

How much reusable memory does a source need to reproduce a complete stationary output process, and what changes when its environment and archive are also counted?

  • For the delayed trine law, the classical HMM minimum is nine states throughout the non-iid range. Quantum memory has minimum dimension four on a proved low-noise interval and three on a certified high-noise interval; the intermediate boundary remains between three and four.
  • In the admitted high-noise regime, the exact one-step memory/environment Pareto points are (3, 9) and (4, 3). Minimizing reusable memory and minimizing the recorded-channel environment are different tasks.
  • Explicit quantum implementations can share the full passive output law while an additional common intervention distinguishes them. Even an optimum resource count need not identify a unique generator.

Connections to the programme

The complete argument.

Read every section on site, including the mathematics, proofs, examples and references. Each section has its own address for citation and navigation.

  1. 01Orientation and abstract
  2. 02Question, contributions and operational scope
  3. 03Stationary quantum completions and the readout interface
  4. 04A quantitative positive-noise interval requiring four quantum dimensions
  5. 05A continuous family of minimum-Kraus qutrit sources
  6. 06The exact memory boundary remains partially open
  7. 07A four-dimensional source attaining the recorded-channel floor
  8. 08Universal qutrit lower bounds
  9. 09A mixed-support qutrit source with lower complete-history cost
  10. 10A certified non-Weyl source with the same passive law
  11. 11Access-dependent distinctions at a common resource optimum
  12. 12Reproducibility and claim status
  13. 13A universal one-step qutrit dilation bound
  14. 14References

Technical companion

Technical Companion: Approximation and Accounting for Quantum Sources

Approximation, alternate encodings, output-specific bath costs and causal resource accounting.

Read the complete companion →

Publication and computational material.

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